Cold therapy for arthritis is one of those options that often rears it’s head, and there’s some reasonable evidence to suggest that it can definitely be beneficial, but cold therapy seems to mean something different to different people.
Most evidence in relation to cold therapy’s benefits for arthritis is in relation to ice packs, not the ice baths that some people seem to associate with it. [1]
That said there does seem to be a growing support for using ice baths for hand arthritis and some studies that specifically show it’s benefit for gout arthritis.
Understanding Arthritis
Arthritis is a group of diseases characterized by joint inflammation. And ice baths have a lot of studies in terms of ice baths reducing muscle inflammation for injury recovery or post training, so it’s not exactly a shock that it’s been looked at for the more common forms of arthritis (osteoarthritis, gout and rheumatoid arthritis).
Living with arthritis can be challenging, but finding effective ways to manage its symptoms can significantly improve one's daily life. Different approaches may work for different individuals and among the various options available cold therapy has shown some promise in providing relief from arthritis pain and inflammation.
How Cold Therapy Works for Arthritis Pain Relief
Cold therapy also known as cryotherapy involves the application of cold to the affected joint or area.
This can be achieved through various methods, such as ice packs, cold compresses, or the more extreme full submersion in ice water. (As arthritis generally effects older adults, this is typically restricted to the hands in the case of full submersion).
The basic principle behind cold therapy is its ability to constrict blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the area, thereby decreasing inflammation and relieving pain.
Full immersion in ice water seems to be most commonly recommended for hand arthritis [2]
When cold is applied to the skin, it causes the blood vessels in the muscles and joints to constrict.
This constriction helps reduce the flow of blood to the affected area, thereby reducing inflammation.
Additionally cold therapy can slow down the production of joint fluid. This flued is essential but can contribute to swelling and discomfort when produced in excess.
By slowing down the production of joint fluid, cold therapy can help alleviate these symptoms. [3]
Furthermore cooling an inflamed joint can stimulate sensory receptors in the skin distracting the brain and reducing the transmission of pain signals.
How to Apply Cold Therapy Safely and Effectively
While cold therapy can be a valuable tool in managing arthritis pain, it is essential to apply it correctly to avoid any potential harm. Here are some guidelines to follow when using cold therapy for arthritis relief:
1. Use a Protective Barrier
To prevent skin damage, it is crucial not to apply ice or any other cold source directly to the skin. Instead, use a towel or cloth as a protective barrier between the cold source and the skin. This will help regulate the intensity of the cold and prevent any potential injury to the skin.
2. Limit the Duration
Cold therapy should not be applied for more than 20 minutes at a time. It is recommended to take breaks between applications to allow the skin and tissues to return to their normal temperature. Applying cold therapy for extended periods can lead to skin damage, including frostbite or "ice burn".
3. Pay Attention to Sensations
Cold therapy should not be painful to the skin. If you experience any discomfort or pain during the application, it is crucial to remove the cold source immediately. Continuing the therapy despite pain can lead to skin damage and adverse effects.
4. Precautions for Certain Conditions
While cold therapy can be beneficial for many individuals with arthritis, it may not be suitable for everyone. People with certain conditions, such as Raynaud's Syndrome, cold allergic conditions, or paralysis or areas of impaired sensation, should consult with a healthcare professional before using cold therapy. These conditions may require specific precautions or alternative treatment approaches.
Alternating Cold Therapy with Heat Therapy
While cold therapy can provide significant relief for arthritis pain and inflammation, some individuals find that alternating between cold and heat therapy yields the best results. Heat therapy works by improving blood flow, relaxing stiff joints and muscles, and increasing flexibility and range of motion.
By combining both cold and heat therapy, individuals can address different aspects of arthritis symptoms and achieve more comprehensive pain relief.
When using both cold and heat therapy, it is important to allow sufficient time for the skin and tissues to return to their normal temperature between applications.
References
1 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10298661/
2 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35021915/
3 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8119547/